Publications
You
can find Steve's publication history on Google Scholar here
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Steve's
ORCID iD is 0000-0003-4757-7125
Laws,
A. N., C. Prather, D. H. Branson, S. C. Pennings. 2018. Effects of
grasshoppers on prairies: herbivore composition matters more than richness in
three grassland ecosystems. Journal of Animal Ecology 87:1727-1737.
Prather,
C. M., A. N. Laws, J. F. Cuellar, R. W. Reihart, K.
W. Gawkins, S. C. Pennings. 2018. Seeking salt:
herbivorous prairie insects can be co-limited by macronutrients and salt.
Ecology Letters 21:1467-1476.
Peng,
D., L. Chen, S. C. Pennings, Y. Zhang. 2018. Using a marsh organ to predict
future plant communities in a Chinese estuary invaded by an exotic grass and
mangrove. Limnology & Oceanography 63:2595-2605. Doi:
10.1002/lno.10962.
Li,
Shanze, C. S. Hopkinson, J. P. Schubauer-Berigan,
S. C. Pennings. 2018. Climate drivers of Zizaniopsis
miliacea biomass in a Georgia, U.S.A. tidal fresh
marsh. Limnology and Oceanography 63: 2266-2276. Doi:
10.1002/lno.10937
Lin,
W.-T. and S. C. Pennings. 2018. Predator-prey interactions
in a ladybeetle-aphid system depend on spatial scale. Ecology and Evolution
8:6537-6546.
Li,
F. and S. C. Pennings. 2018. Response and recovery of low-salinity marsh
plant communities to presses and pulses of elevated salinity. Estuaries and
Coasts, doi.org/10/1007/s12237-01800490-1.
Li,
F. and S. C. Pennings. 2018. Responses of tidal freshwater and brackish marsh
macrophytes to pulses of saline water simulating sea
level rise and reduced discharge. Wetlands 38:885-891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1037-2.
Leon,
A., Y. Tang, D. Chen, A. Yolcu, C. Glennie, S. C.
Pennings. 2018. Dynamic Management of Water Storage in a System of Wetlands
for Flood control: A case study in Texas. Water 2018, 10, 325; doi:10.3390/w10030325.
Vu,
H., S. C. Pennings. 2018. Predators mediate above- versus belowground herbivory
in a salt marsh crab. Ecosphere 9(2):e02107. 10.1002/ecs2.2107.
Prather,
C. M., A. Huynh*, S. C. Pennings. 2017. Woody structure facilitates
invasion of woody plants by providing perches for birds. Ecology and Evolution.
DOI 10.1002/ece3.3314.
Gehman, A.-L. M., N. A. McLenaghan,
J. E. Byers, C. R. Alexander, S. C. Pennings, M. Alber.
2017. Effects of small-scale armoring and residential development on the salt
marsh-upland ecotone. Estuaries and Coasts 41:S54-S67. DOI
10.1007/s12237-017-0300-8.
Liu,
Wenwen, D. R. Strong, S. C. Pennings, Y. Zhang. 2017.
Provenance-by-environment interaction of reproductive
traits in the invasion of Spartina alterniflora in China. Ecology 98(6):1591-1599.
Guo, H., C. Weaver, S. P. Charles, A. Whitt, S. Dastidar, P. D’Odorico, J. D.
Fuentes, J. S. Kominoski, A. R. Armitage and S. C.
Pennings. 2017. Coastal regime shifts: Rapid responses of coastal wetlands
to changes in mangrove cover. Ecology 98:762-772.
Li,
S. and S. C. Pennings. 2017. Timing of disturbance affects biomass and
flowering of a saltmarsh plant and attack by stem-boring herbivores. Ecosphere
8(2):e01675. 10.1002/ecs2.1675.
Vu,
H., K. Wieski, S. C. Pennings. 2017. Ecosystem
engineers drive creek formation in salt marshes. Ecology 98:162-174.
Pennings,
S. C., S. Zengel, J. Oehrig,
M. Alber, T. D. Bishop, D. R. Deis,
D. Devlin, A. R. Hughes, J. J. Hutchens, W. M. Kiehn,
C. R. McFarlin, C. L. Montague, S. Powers, C. E. Proffitt, N. Rutherford, C. L. Stagg, K. Walters. 2016.
Marine ecogregion and Deepwater Horizon oil spill
affect recruitment and population structure of a salt marsh snail. Ecosphere
7(12)e01588, DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1588.
Zengel,
S., J. Weaver, S. C. Pennings, B. Silliman, D. R. Deis, C. L. Montague, N.
Rutherford, Z. Nixon and A. R. Zimmerman. 2016. Five years of Deepwater Horizon
oil spill effects on marsh periwinkles (Littoraria irrorata).
Marine Ecology Progress Series. DOI 10.3354/meps11827.
Li,
S. and S. C. Pennings. 2016. Disturbance in Georgia salt marshes: variation
across space and time. Ecosphere 7(10):e01487. DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1487.
Zengel, S., S.C. Pennings, B. Silliman, C. Montague, J.
Weaver, D.R. Deis, M.O. Krasnec,
N. Rutherford, Z. Nixon. 2016. Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacts on salt
marsh fiddler crabs (Uca spp.). Estuaries and
Coasts 39:1154-1163. DOI 10.1007/s12237-016-0072-6.
Liu,
W., Maung-Douglass, K., Strong, D.R., Pennings, S.C.
and Zhang, Y. 2016. Geographical variation in vegetative growth and sexual
reproduction of the invasive Spartina alterniflora in China. Journal of Ecology
104:173-181.
Zengel, S., C. L. Montague, S. C. Pennings, S. P. Powers,
M. Steinhoff, G. Fricano, C. Schlemme, M. Zhang, J. Oehrig, Z. Nixon, S. Rouhani, J. Michel. 2016. Impacts of
the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on salt marsh periwinkles (Littoraria
irrorata). Environmental Science & Technology
50:643-652. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04371.
Guo, H., S. A. Chamberlain, E. Elhaik,
I. Jalli, A.-R. Lynes, L.
Marczak, N. Sabath, A. Vargas, K. Wieski,
E. M. Zelig, S. C. Pennings. 2015. Geographic variation in plant community
structure of salt marshes: species, functional and phylogenetic perspectives. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0127781. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127781
Hübner, L., S. C. Pennings and M. Zimmer. 2015. Sex- and
habitat-specific movement of an omnivorous semi-terrestrial crab controls
habitat connectivity and subsidies: a multi-parameter approach. Oecologia 178:999-1015.
He,
Q., M. D. Bertness, J. F. Bruno, B. Li, G. Chen, T. C.
Coverdale, A. H. Altieri, J. Bai, T. Sun, S. C. Pennings, J. Liu, P. R.
Ehrlich, B. Cui. 2014. Economic development and coastal ecosystem change in
China. Scientific Reports 4:5995, DOI: 10.1038/srep05995.
Pennings,
S. C., B. D. McCall and L. Hooper-Bui. 2014. Effects of oil spills on
terrestrial arthropods in coastal wetlands. Bioscience 64:789-795. DOI:10.1093/biosci/biu118.
Sharitz, R. R., Batzer,
D. P. and S. C. Pennings. 2014. Ecology of freshwater and estuarine wetlands:
an introduction. In, D. P. Batzer and R. R. Sharitz, eds. Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands.
Second edition. University of California Press. In press.
Sharitz, R. R. and S. C. Pennings. 2014.
Development of wetland plant communities. In, D. P. Batzer
and R. R. Sharitz, eds. Ecology of Freshwater and
Estuarine Wetlands. Second edition. University of California Press. In press.
Więski, K. and S. C. Pennings. 2014.
Latitudinal variation in resistance and tolerance to herbivory of a salt marsh
shrub. Ecography 37:763-769. DOI:10.1111/ecog.00498.
Guo, H., K. Więski, Z. Lan and S. C. Pennings. 2014. Relative influence of
deterministic processes on structuring marsh plant communities varies across an
abiotic gradient. Oikos 123:173-178.
Więski, K. and S. C. Pennings. 2013. Climate drivers
of Spartina alterniflora
saltmarsh production in Georgia, USA. Ecosystems. DOI:
10.1007/s10021-013-9732-6.
Ho,
C.-K. and S. C. Pennings. 2013. Preference and
performance in plant-herbivore interactions across latitude—a study in U.S.
Atlantic salt marshes. PLOS One. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0059829.
Guo, H., Y. Zhang, Z. Lan and S.
C. Pennings. 2013. Biotic interactions mediate the expansion of black mangrove
(Avicennia germinans) into
salt marshes under climate change. Global Change Biology 19:2765-2774. DOI:
10.1111/gcb.12221
Schalles, J. F., C. M. Hladik, A.
A. Lynes and S. C. Pennings. 2013. Landscape
estimates of habitat types, plant biomass, and invertebrate densities in a
Georgia salt marsh. Oceanography 26:88-97.
Treplin, M., S. C. Pennings, and M. Zimmer. 2013.
Decomposition of leaf litter in a U.S. saltmarsh is driven by dominant species,
not species complementarity. Wetlands. 33:83-89. DOI 10.1007/s13157-012-0353-1.
Marczak,
L. B., K. Więski, R. F. Denno
and S. C. Pennings. 2013. Importance of local versus geographical variation in
saltmarsh plant quality for arthropod herbivore communities. Journal of Ecology
101:1169-1182.
Pennings, S. C. 2013. Forging collaborations between
ecology and historical ecology. In V. D. Thompson and J. C. Waggoner Jr.
(eds.), The archaeology and historical ecology of small scale economies. The
University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Guo, H. and S. C. Pennings. 2012. Post-mortem ecosystem
engineering by oysters creates habitat for a rare marsh plant. Oecologia 170:789-798.
McCall,
B. D. and S. C. Pennings. 2012. Geographic variation in salt marsh structure
and function. Oecolgia 170:777-787.
Ewers,
C., A. Beiersdorf, K. Wieski,
S. C. Pennings, and M. Zimmer. 2012. Predator/prey-interactions promote
decomposition of low-quality detritus. Wetlands. DOI 10.1007/s13157-012-0326-4.
Gough,
L., K. L. Gross, Cleland, E. E., C. M. Clark, S. L. Collins, J. E. Fargione, S. C. Pennings and K. N. Suding.
2012. Incorporating clonal growth form clarifies the role of plant height in
response to nitrogen addition. Oecologia
169:1053-1062.
Pennings,
S. C., M. Alber, C. R. Alexander, M. Booth, A. Burd, W.-J. Cai, C. Craft, C. B. DePratter, D. Di Iorio, C.
Hopkinson, S. B. Joye, C. D. Meile,
W. S. Moore, B. Silliman, V. Thompson, J. P. Wares. South Atlantic Tidal
Wetlands. 2012. Pages 45-61 in A. Baldwin and D. Batzer
(eds.), Wetland Habitats of North America: Ecology and Conservation Concerns.
University of California Press.
Guo, H. and S. C. Pennings. 2012. Mechanisms mediating
plant distributions across estuarine landscapes in a low-latitude tidal
estuary. Ecology 93(1):90-100.
McCall,
B. D., S. C. Pennings. 2012. Disturbance and recovery of salt marsh arthropod
communities following BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. PLoS
ONE 7 (3) e32735. DOI. 10.1371/journal.pone.0032735.
Jimenez,
J. M., K. Wieski, L. B. Marczak, C.-K. Ho, S. C.
Pennings. 2012. Effects of an omnivorous katydid, salinity, and nutrients on a planthopper-Spartina food web. Estuaries and Coasts
35:475-485.
Cleland,
E. E., C. M. Clark, S. L. Collins, J. E. Fargione, L.
Gough, K. L. Gross, S. C. Pennings and K. N. Suding.
2011. Patterns of trait convergence and divergence among native and exotic
species in herbaceous plant communities are not modified by nitrogen
enrichment. Journal of Ecology 99:1327-1338.
Marczak,
L. B, C.-K. Ho, K. Wieski, H. Vu, R. F. Denno and S. C. Pennings. 2011. Latitudinal
variation in top-down and bottom-up control of a salt marsh food web.
Ecology 92:276-281. Supplements.
Marquardt,
E. S. and S. C. Pennings. 2011. Diet mixing in a parasitic plant: adaptation or
constraint? Plant Ecology 212:69-77.
Ho,
C.-K., S. C. Pennings and T. H. Carefoot. 2010.
Is diet quality an overlooked mechanism for Bergmann’s Rule? American
Naturalist 175:269-276.
Więski, K., H. Guo, C. B.
Craft and S. C. Pennings. 2010. Ecosystem functions of tidal fresh,
brackish and salt marshes on the Georgia Coast. Estuaries and Coasts
33:161-169.
Pennings,
S. C. 2010. Local and geographic variation in Spartina-herbivore
interactions. In Ayres, D. R., D. W. Kerr, S. D. Ericson and P. R. Olofson (eds.) Proceedings of the Third International
Conference on Invasive Spartina, 2004 Nov 8-10, San
Francisco, CA, USA. San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina
Project of the California State Coastal Conservancy: Oakland, CA.
Marquardt,
E. S. and S. C. Pennings. 2010. Constraints on host use by a parasitic plant. Oecologia 164:177-184.
Robinson,
J. D., E. Diaz-Ferguson, M. F. Poelchau, S. Pennings,
T. D. Bishop, J. Wares. 2010. Multiscale diversity in the marshes of the
Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER. Estuaries and Coasts 33:865-877.
Pennings,
S. C., C.-K. Ho, C. S. Salgado, K. Więski, N. Davé, A. E. Kunza, E. L. Wason. 2009. Latitudinal variation in herbivore pressure in
Atlantic Coast salt marshes. Ecology 90:183-195.
Craft, C., J. Clough, J. Ehman, S. Joye, R. Park, S.
Pennings, H. Guo, M. Machmuller.
2009. Forecasting the effects of accelerated sea level rise on tidal marsh
ecosystem services. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:73-78.
Hughes,
Z. J., D. M. FitzGerald, C. A. Wilson, S. C. Pennings, K. Więski
and A. Mahadevan. 2009. Rapid headward
erosion of marsh creeks in response to relative sea level rise. Geophysical
Research Letters 36, L03602, doi:10.1029/2008GL036000.
Collins,
S. L., K. N. Suding, E. E. Cleland, M. Batty, S. C.
Pennings, K. L. Gross, J. B. Grace, L. Gough, J. E. Fargione
and C. M. Clark. 2008. Rank clocks and plant community dynamics. Ecology
89:3534-341.
Kunza, A. E. and S. C. Pennings. 2008. Patterns of plant
diversity in Georgia and Texas salt marshes. Estuaries and Coasts 31:673-681.
Ho, CK and SC
Pennings. 2008. Consequences of omnivory for trophic
interactions on a salt-marsh shrub. Ecology 89:1714-1722.
Cleland, E. E.,
C. M. Clark, S. L. Collins, J. E. Fargione, L. Gough,
K. L. Gross, D. G. Milchunas, S. C. Pennings, W. D.
Bowman, I. C. Burke, W. K. Lauenroth, G. P.
Robertson, J. C. Simpson, D. Tilman, K. N. Suding. 2008. Species responses to nitrogen fertilization
in herbaceous plant communities, and associated species traits. Ecology
89:1175.
McFarlin, C. R. J. S. Brewer, T. L. Buck and S. C.
Pennings. 2008. Impact of fertilization on a salt marsh food web in Georgia.
Estuaries and Coasts 31:313-325.
Wason, E. L. and S. C. Pennings. 2008. Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
species composition and size across latitude in Atlantic Coast salt marshes.
Estuaries and Coasts 31:335-343.
Pennings,
S. C., Simpson, J. C. 2008. Like herbivores, parasitic plants are limited by
host nitrogen content. Plant Ecology 196:245-250.
Clark,
C. M., Cleland, E. E., Collins, S. L., Fargione, J.
E., Gough L., Gross, K. L., Pennings, S. C., Suding,
K. N., Grace, J. B. 2007. Environmental and plant community
determinants of species loss following nitrogen enrichment. Ecology
Letters 10:596-607.
Pennings,
S. C., Zimmer, M., Dias, N., Sprung, M., Davé, N.,
Ho, C.-K., Kunza, A., McFarlin,
C., Mews, M., Pfauder, A., Salgado, C. 2007.
Latitudinal variation in plant-herbivore interactions in European salt marshes.
Oikos 116:543-549.
Sharitz, R. R., Pennings, S. C. 2006.
Development of wetland plant communities. In, Ecology of freshwater and
estuarine wetlands, D. P. Batzer and R. R. Sharitz (eds.), University of California Press.
Donovan,
D. A., Pennings, S. C., Carefoot, T. H. 2006.
Swimming in the sea hare Aplysia brasiliana: cost of transport, parapodial
morphometry, and swimming behavior. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Ecology 328:76-86.
Pennings,
S. C., Silliman, B. R. 2005. Linking biogeography and community ecology:
latitudinal variation in plant-herbivore interaction strength. Ecology
86:2310-2319.
Pennings,
S. C., Clark, C. M., Cleland. E. E., Collins, S. L., Gough L., Gross, K. L., Milchunas, D. G., Suding, K. N.
2005. Do individual plant species show predictable responses to nitrogen
addition across multiple experiments? Oikos
110:547-555.
Salgado,
C. S., Pennings, S. C. 2005. Latitudinal variation in palatability of
salt-marsh plants: are differences constitutive? Ecology 86:1571-1579.
Richards,
C. L., Pennings, S. C., Donovan, L. A. 2005. Habitat
range and phenotypic variation in salt marsh plants. Plant Ecology 176:263-273.
Suding, K. N., Collins, S. L., Gough L., Clark, C.,
Cleland, E. E., Gross, K. L., Milchunas, D. G.,
Pennings, S. 2005. Functional- and abundance-based mechanisms explain diversity
loss due to N fertilization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
U.S.A. 102:4387-4392.
Pennings,
S. C., Grant, M. B., Bertness, M. D. 2005. Plant
zonation in low-latitude salt marshes: disentangling the roles of flooding,
salinity and competition. Journal of Ecology 93: 159-167.
Zimmer,
M., S. C. Pennings, T. L. Buck, T. H. Carefoot. 2004.
Salt marsh litter and detritivores: a closer look at redundancy. Estuaries
27:753-769.
Goranson, C. E., C.-K. Ho, S. C. Pennings. 2004. Environmental
gradients and herbivore feeding preferences in coastal salt marshes. Oecologia 140:591-600.
Pennings,
S. C., E. R. Selig, L. T. Houser, M. D. Bertness. 2003.
Geographic variation in positive and negative interactions among salt marsh
plants. Ecology 84:1527-1538.
Callaway,
R. M., S. C. Pennings, C. L. Richards. 2003. Phenotypic plasticity and
interactions among plants. Ecology 84:1115-1128.
Carefoot, T. H., S. C. Pennings. 2003. Influence of
proximal stimuli on swimming in the sea hare Aplysia
brasiliana. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology 288:223-237.
Buck, T. L., G. A.
Breed, S. C. Pennings, M. E. Chase, M. Zimmer, T. H. Carefoot.
2003. Diet choice in an omnivorous salt-marsh crab: different food types, body
size and habitat complexity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
292:103-116.
Pennings,
S. C., L. E. Stanton, J. S. Brewer. 2002. Nutrient effects on the composition
of salt marsh plant communities along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the
United States. Estuaries 25:1164-1173.
Siska, E. L., S. C. Pennings, T. L. Buck and M. D. Hanisak. 2002. Latitudinal variation in palatability of
saltmarsh plants: which traits are responsible? Ecology 83:3369-3381.
Callaway, R. M.,
K. O. Reinhart, G. W. Moore, D. J. Moore and S. C. Pennings. 2002. Epiphyte
host preferences and host traits: mechanisms for species-specific interactions.
Oecologia 132:221-230.
Pennings,
S. C. and R. M. Callaway. 2002. Parasitic plants: parallels and contrasts with
herbivores. Oecologia 131:479-489.
Zimmer,
M., S. C. Pennings, T. L. Buck, T. H. Carefoot. 2002.
Species-specific patterns of litter processing by terrestrial isopods (Isopoda:
Oniscidea) in high intertidal salt marshes and
coastal forests. Functional Ecology 16:596-607.
Zimmer,
M., J. P. Danko, S. C. Pennings, A. R. Danford, T. H. Carefoot, A.
Ziegler, R. F. Uglow. 2002. Cellulose digestion and
phenol oxidation in coastal isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda). Marine Biology 140:1207-1213.
Pennings,
S. C., V. D. Wall, D. J. Moore, M. Pattanayek, T. L.
Buck and J. J. Alberts. 2002. Assessing salt marsh health: a test of the
utility of five potential indicators. Wetlands 22:405-414.
Pennings,
S. C., E. L. Siska and M. D. Bertness.
2001. Latitudinal differences in plant palatability in Atlantic coast salt
marshes. Ecology 82:1344-1359.
Pennings,
S. C. and M. D. Bertness. 2001. Salt marsh
communities. In, M. D. Bertness, S. D. Gaines and M.
E. Hay (editors), Marine Community Ecology, Sinauer
Associates.
Pennings,
S. C. and D. J. Moore. 2001. Zonation of shrubs in western Atlantic salt
marshes. Oecologia 126:587-594.
Pennings,
S. C., S. Nastisch and V. J. Paul. 2001.
Vulnerability of sea hares to fish predators: importance of diet and fish
species. Coral Reefs 20:320-324.
Callaway,
R. M., K. O. Reinhart, S. C. Tucker and S. C. Pennings. 2001. Effects of epiphytic
lichens on host preferences of the vascular epiphyte Tillandsia usneoides. Oikos 94:433-441.
Zimmer,
M., J. P. Danko, S. C. Pennings, A. R. Danford, A. Ziegler, R. F. Uglow
and T. H. Carefoot. 2001. Hepatopancreatic
endosymbionts in coastal isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda), and their contribution
to digestion. Marine Biology 138: 955-963.
Wall, V.
D., J. J. Alberts, D. J. Moore, S. Y. Newell, M. Pattanayek
and S. C. Pennings. 2001. The effect of mercury and PCBs on organisms from
lower trophic levels of a Georgia saltmarsh. Arch. Env.
Cont. Toxicol. 40:10-17.
Bertness, M. D. and S. C. Pennings. 2000. Spatial variation
in process and pattern in salt marsh plant communities in eastern North
America. In Weinstein, M. P., Kreeger, D. A. (eds) Concepts and controversies in
tidal marsh ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Callaway,
R. M. and S. C. Pennings. 2000. Facilitation may buffer competitive effects:
indirect and diffuse interactions among salt marsh plants. American Naturalist
156:416-424.
Pennings,
S. C. and R. M. Callaway. 2000. The advantages of clonal integration under
different ecological conditions: a community-wide test. Ecology 81: 709-716.
Pennings,
S. C., T. H. Carefoot, M. Zimmer, J. P Danko and A. Ziegler. 2000. Feeding preferences of supralittoral isopods and amphipods. Can. J. Zool.
78:1918-1929.
Ziegler,
A., T. Grospietsch, T. H. Carefoot,
J-P. Danko, M. Zimmer, I. Zerbst-Boroffka
and S. C. Pennings. 2000. Hemolymph ion composition and volume changes in the supralittoral isopod Ligia pallasii Brandt, during molt. J. Comp. Physiol. B 170:
329-336.
Carefoot, T. H., J. Wright, S. C. Pennings, A.
Ziegler, M. Zimmer, R. F. Uglow, A. Danford and J. P. Danko. 2000.
Hemolymph homeostasis in relation to diel feeding activity in the prototypal
land isopod, Ligia pallasii.
Can. J. Zool. 78: 588-595.
Carefoot,
T. H., D. Karentz, S. C. Pennings and C. L. Young.
2000. Distribution of mycosporine-like amino acids in
the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela:
effect of diet on amounts and types sequestered over time in tissues and spawn.
Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 126C: 91-104.
Pennings,
S. C. and M. D. Bertness. 1999. Using latitudinal
variation to examine effects of climate on coastal salt marsh pattern and
process. Current Topics in Wetland Biogeochemistry 3: 100-111.
Pennings,
S. C., V. J. Paul, D. C. Dunbar, M. T. Hamann, W. A. Lumbang, B. Novack and R. S.
Jacobs. 1999. Unpalatable compounds in the marine gastropod Dolabella
auricularia: distribution and effect of diet.
J. Chem. Ecol. 25: 735-755.
Carefoot, T. H., S. C. Pennings and J. P. Danko. 1999. A test of novel function(s) for the ink of sea
hares. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 234: 185-197.
Pennings,
S. C. and C. L. Richards. 1998. Effects of wrack burial in salt-stressed
habitats: Batis maritima
in a Southwest Atlantic salt marsh. Ecography
21:630-638.
Pennings,
S. C., T. H. Carefoot, E. L. Siska,
M. E. Chase and T. A. Page. 1998. Feeding preferences of a generalist salt
marsh crab: relative importance of multiple plant traits. Ecology 79:1968-1979.
Nomann, B. and S. C. Pennings. 1998. Fiddler
crab-vegetation interactions in hypersaline habitats. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
225:53-68.
Callaway,
R. M. and S. C. Pennings. 1998. Impact of a parasitic plant on the zonation of
two salt marsh perennials. Oecologia 114:100-105.
Pennings,
S. C., S. R. Pablo and V. J. Paul. 1997. Chemical defenses of the tropical, benthic
marine cyanobacterium Hormothamnion enteromorphoides: diverse consumers and synergisms.
Limnology and Oceanography 42:911-917.
Pennings,
S.C. 1997. Indirect effects on coral reefs. In, C. Birkeland,
editor, Life and death of coral reefs. Chapman and Hall.
Pennings,
S. C. and R. M. Callaway. 1996. Impact of a parasitic plant on the structure
and dynamics of salt marsh vegetation. Ecology 77:1410-1419.
Pennings,
S. C. 1996. Testing for synergisms between chemical and mineral defenses.
Ecology 77:1948-1950.
Pennings,
S. C., A. M. Weiss and V. J. Paul. 1996. Secondary metabolites of the
cyanobacterium Microcoleus lyngbyaceus and the sea hare Stylocheilus
longicauda: palatability and toxicity. Marine
Biology 126:735-743.
Pennings,
S. C., M. P. Puglisi, T. J. Pitlik, A. C. Himaya and V. J. Paul. 1996. Effects of secondary
metabolites and CaCO3 on feeding by surgeonfishes and
parrotfishes: within-plant comparisons. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser. 134:49-58.
Pennings,
S. C. and T. H. Carefoot. 1995. Post-ingestive consequences of consuming secondary metabolites
in sea hares (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia).
Comparative Biology and Physiology 111C:249-256.
Pennings,
S. C., S. R. Pablo, V. J. Paul and J. Emmett Duffy. 1994. Effects of sponge
secondary metabolites in different diets on feeding by three groups of consumers.
J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 180:137-149.
Pennings,
S. C. 1994. Interspecific variation in chemical defenses of sea hares. J. Exp.
Mar. Biol. Ecol. 180:203-219.
Pennings,
S.C., M.T. Nadeau, and V.J. Paul. 1993. Selectivity and Growth of the
generalist herbivore Dolabella auricularia feeding upon complementary resources.
Ecology 74:879-890.
Pennings,
S.C., and V.J. Paul. 1993. Sequestration of algal secondary metabolites by sea
hares: location, specificity and dynamics. Marine Biology 117:535-546.
Pennings,
S.C., and V.J. Paul. 1993. Secondary chemistry does not limit dietary range of
the specialist sea hare Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy et Gaimard 1824). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 174:97-113.
Pennings,
S.C., and J.M. Svedberg. 1993. Does CaCO3 in food deter feeding by sea urchins?
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 101:163-167.
Pennings,
S.C. 1993. Temporal and spatial variation in the recruitment of the sea hare, Aplysia californica,
at Santa Catalina Island, CA. In, F. G. Hochberg (ed.) Third California Islands
Symposium: Recent Advances in Research on the California Islands. Santa Barbara
Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara CA.
Pennings,
S.C., and V. J. Paul. 1993. Within-individual distribution of sequestered
secondary metabolites in sea hares. Abstract. Proc. 7th Int. Coral Reef Symp.,
Guam, 1992. Vol. 2, p. 876.
Pennings,
S.C., and V.J. Paul. 1992. Effect of plant toughness, calcification and
chemistry on herbivory by Dolabella auricularia. Ecology 73:1606-1619.
Pennings,
S.C., and R.M. Callaway. 1992. Salt marsh plant zonation: the relative
importance of competition and physical factors. Ecology 73:681-690.
Paul,
V.J., and S.C. Pennings. 1991. Diet derived chemical defenses in the sea hare Stylocheilus longicauda
(Quoy and Gimard 1824). J.
Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 151:227-243.
Pennings,
S.C. 1991. Reproductive behavior of Aplysia
californica Cooper: diel patterns, sexual roles
and mating aggregations. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 149:249-266.
Pennings,
S.C. 1991. Spatial and temporal variation in recruitment of Aplysia
californica Cooper: patterns, mechanisms and
consequences. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 146:253-274.
Pennings,
S.C. 1990. Multiple factors promoting narrow host range in the sea hare, Aplysia californica.
Oecologia 82:192-200.
Pennings,
S.C. 1990. Size-related shifts in herbivory: specialization in the sea hare, Aplysia californica
Cooper. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 142:43-61.
Pennings,
S.C. 1990. Predator-prey interactions in opisthobranch
gastropods: effects of prey body size and habitat complexity. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 62:95-101.
Last updated 1/2019